Mechanisms for Vulnerable Sections — Tribals, Senior Citizens, LGBTQ+, PwDs

What should you study in Mechanisms for Vulnerable Sections?

• PESA 1996 — scheduled tribe gram sabha powers (forest, land, minor minerals)
• Forest Rights Act 2006 — individual (IFR) vs community (CFR) rights
• LGBTQ+ rights — Navtej Singh Johar (2018) Section 377; no marriage right
• PwD — Accessible India Campaign, Sugamya Bharat, 4% reservation in government

How often is Mechanisms for Vulnerable Sections asked in UPSC Mains?

Asked in 3 of 10 years, including 1 of the last 5. Highlighted years below are the ones it appeared in.

1. 2016: not asked
2. 2017: asked
3. 2018: not asked
4. 2019: not asked
5. 2020: asked
6. 2021: not asked
7. 2022: not asked
8. 2023: asked
9. 2024: not asked
10. 2025: not asked

About the Mains GS Paper II paper

GS Paper II is a 250-mark descriptive Mains paper covering governance, the Constitution, polity, social justice and international relations. See all 40 Mains GS Paper II topics.

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