Indian Diaspora — Soft Power, Remittances, UPI/Rupee Rails, Crisis Evacuation

What should you study in Indian Diaspora?

• Indian diaspora — 32 million strong, top remittance receiver ($100+ billion)
• Pravasi Bharatiya Divas — engagement platform
• UPI cross-border — Singapore, UAE, France remittance rails
• Crisis evacuation — Vande Bharat, Operation Kaveri (Sudan), Op. Ganga

How often is Indian Diaspora asked in UPSC Mains?

Asked in 3 of 10 years, including 1 of the last 5. Highlighted years below are the ones it appeared in.

1. 2016: not asked
2. 2017: asked
3. 2018: not asked
4. 2019: not asked
5. 2020: asked
6. 2021: not asked
7. 2022: not asked
8. 2023: asked
9. 2024: not asked
10. 2025: not asked

About the Mains GS Paper II paper

GS Paper II is a 250-mark descriptive Mains paper covering governance, the Constitution, polity, social justice and international relations. See all 40 Mains GS Paper II topics.

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