Climate Policy — Mitigation, Adaptation, NDC & Carbon Markets

What should you study in Climate Policy?

• Paris Agreement NDC — 45% emission intensity reduction by 2030, 500 GW renewable
• Carbon markets — domestic (proposed), Article 6 mechanism (Paris)
• Carbon pricing — CAT, carbon tax options; India's stand
• COP outcomes — Loss & Damage fund (COP27), GST (COP28)

How often is Climate Policy asked in UPSC Mains?

Asked in 6 of 10 years, including 4 of the last 5. Highlighted years below are the ones it appeared in.

1. 2016: not asked
2. 2017: asked
3. 2018: not asked
4. 2019: asked
5. 2020: not asked
6. 2021: asked
7. 2022: not asked
8. 2023: asked
9. 2024: asked
10. 2025: asked

About the Mains GS Paper III paper

GS Paper III is a 250-mark descriptive Mains paper covering technology, economic development, biodiversity, environment, security and disaster management. See all 50 Mains GS Paper III topics.

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