IPR, Technology Transfer & Standards

What should you study in IPR, Technology Transfer & Standards?

• Patents — Act 1970; TRIPS compliance; Section 3(d) pharma protection
• Copyright — digital rights; OTT regulations; software copyright
• Geographical Indications — GI Act 1999; protection mechanism
• Technology transfer — TRIPS flexibilities; compulsory licensing (Bayer case)

How often is IPR, Technology Transfer & Standards asked in UPSC Mains?

Asked in 3 of 10 years, including 1 of the last 5. Highlighted years below are the ones it appeared in.

1. 2016: not asked
2. 2017: asked
3. 2018: not asked
4. 2019: not asked
5. 2020: asked
6. 2021: not asked
7. 2022: not asked
8. 2023: asked
9. 2024: not asked
10. 2025: not asked

About the Mains GS Paper III paper

GS Paper III is a 250-mark descriptive Mains paper covering technology, economic development, biodiversity, environment, security and disaster management. See all 50 Mains GS Paper III topics.

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